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2020—2021年印度农民抗议

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2020—2021年印度农民抗议
日脚 2020年8月9号 – 2021年11月份
场许 印度 印度
原因 2020年9月份通过个三隻农业法案

2020—2021年印度农民抗议，是印度个一场抗议，反对2020年9月份议会通过个三隻农业法案。箇三隻法案常樁畀人叫作“農業法案”（the Farm Bills）咾，[1]老多農民聯盟[2][3]咾反對派政客講渠是“反農民法”，渠拉認爲，因为农民搭商人之间个纠纷会得畀分區行政長官处理咾，弗是畀司法部门，箇能會得讓农民畀拉大公司牵牢仔鼻头跑。[4][5][6]抗議活動要求制定頂低支持價錢法案，確保大公司弗好控制價錢。[7]但是，印度中央政府堅持講，箇眼法律会得讓农民直接擔农产品卖畀大買家更加便當，還講抗議活動是因爲差誤信息。[8][9][10]搭渠搭界个长期遗留问题还包括农民自杀搭低收入。虽则印度垃粮食生产丄基本丄自给自足，也有福利计划，但是饿肚皮搭营养问题原旧蛮严重咾，垃全球粮食安全参数丄排名倒数。[11]因为之前个诉求朆满足，2024年2月13号，新一轮印度农民抗议貤开始哉。

法案推出弗多长远，农民工会就开始发起局部抗议，主要是垃旁遮普邦。两个号头个抗议活动后首，主要来自旁遮普邦搭贴隔壁个哈里亚纳邦个农民工会发起仔一隻叫“到德里去”（Dilli Chalo）个运动，倫千倫萬个工会成员开始向首都进军。印度政府命令各地个警察搭执法部门用水炮、警棍搭催泪瓦斯阻止抗议者进到哈里亚纳邦，再阻止渠拉进德里。2020年11月，全国范围内爆发仔支持农民个总罢工，千把萬把人聚集垃進德里个各個边境点。[12][13]从2020年10月14号到2021年1月22号，中央政府搭农民工会代表进行仔11轮谈判，但是除脱两隻相对次要个点达成仔一致外，另外个全朆谈攏。[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]哈里亚纳邦搭旁遮普邦面积比较小咾经济相对富，有老多余粮，是印度粮食安全个重要保障，渠拉提供仔全印度公共分配系统70%到90%个小麦搭28%到44%个大米。[21]盖咾，相比BIMARU（比哈尔邦、中央邦、拉贾斯坦邦、北方邦）等粮食短缺、食品安全成问题个邦，农业改革勒垃箇两隻粮食过剩个邦是隻更加敏感个議題。

印度政府声称，有部分农民工会是支持箇兩隻农业法案个。[22][23]到2020年12月中，印度最高法院收着仔一批请愿书，要求担抗议者垃德里周边设置个路障清除脱。[24][25]农民方面则表示，就算法院叫渠拉撤脱，渠拉也弗会得听个，[26]外加暂时停脱实施农业法案弗是解决问题个办法。[27]箇个辰光新冠肺炎时疫流行，印度中央政府实行仔全国封锁。但是有一眼农民认为，政府用防疫个名义打压渠拉。结果，保持社交距离咾啥个防疫做法反倒畀人看成功政府试图瓦解脱抗议个手段，反道让农民愈发团结。抗议者勒垃边境扎营，甚至垃高速公路丄造屋，碍着各邦之间个交通，直到一年之后政府宣布废除脱农业法案。[28]

2021年1月份，印度顶高法院担搿两隻农业法个实施停脱哉。农民个经纶头全蛮欢迎箇隻暂缓执行个命令，隻禁令一直有效到後首來法案徹底拨廢脫。[29][30]2021年3月19号，顶高法院指派个委员会向法院交仔一份保密报告。[31][32]有六隻邦搭中央直辖区（喀拉拉邦、旁遮普邦、恰蒂斯格尔邦、拉贾斯坦邦、德里搭西孟加拉邦）个政府通过仔反对农业法案个决议，[33]里向有三隻邦（旁遮普邦、恰蒂斯格尔邦搭拉贾斯坦邦）还特为垃自家邦个议会里向提出仔对抗性个法案。[34]箇眼对抗性法案一隻也朆畀各邦个总督签字生效。[35][36][37]

背景

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第二趟绿色革命

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三隻农业法案

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国际先例

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农民工会个诉求

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开始辰光个诉求

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后来个诉求

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参加抗议个农民工会名单

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抗议

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组织

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伤亡

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反响

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印度顶高法院个介入

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各州个反立法

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法案个废除

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大众文化

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也好看看

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参考资料

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  1. ↑ "Farm Bills have potential to represent significant step forward for agriculture reforms in India: IMF" (in en-IN). The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 2021-01-15. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2021-01-27. 
  2. ↑ Palnitkar, Vaibhav (2020-09-21). "Here's Why Farmers Are Protesting the 3 New Agriculture Ordinances". The Quint. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2020-10-28. 
  3. ↑ Gettleman, Jeffrey; Singh, Karan Deep; Kumar, Hari (2020-11-30). "Angry Farmers Choke India's Capital in Giant Demonstrations" (in en). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2020-12-01. 
  4. ↑ "Most farmer-trader disputes may not go to the SDM level: Sanjay Agarwal". Business Standard. 2020-06-07. Archived from the original on 2024-02-14. Retrieved 15 February 2024-02-15. 
  5. ↑ "Ordinance to put farmers at mercy of corporates" (in en). The Tribune (Chandigarh). 2020-06-15. Archived from the original on 2020-12-11. Retrieved 2020-12-02. 
  6. ↑ Kulkarni, Sagar (2020-09-22). "Now, farmers will be back to serfdom, at the mercy of big corporates: Manish Tewari" (in en). Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 2020-10-06. Retrieved 2020-12-02. 
  7. ↑ Six Canadian MPs Urge Their Foreign Minister to Speak Up on Farmers' Protest (en). The Wire (2021-02-10). 原始文档勒2021-02-10存档.
  8. ↑ Singh, Prashasti (2020-09-28). "Farmers across India protest against farm bills. In photos" (in en). Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 2020-10-05. Retrieved 2020-10-07. 
  9. ↑ "PM Modi reaches out to farmers amid anger" (in en). Hindustan Times. 2020-09-28. Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-10-07. 
  10. ↑ Mathur, Swati (2020-09-28). "Farm bills 2020: President Kovind gives assent to controversial farm bills, laws come into force immediately" (in en). The Times of India. Archived from the original on 2020-10-03. Retrieved 2020-10-07. 
  11. ↑ "Global Hunger Index 2020: India ranks 94 out of 107 countries, under 'serious' category" (in en). The Indian Express. 19 October 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-10-17. Retrieved 2021-10-30. 
  12. ↑ Joy, Shemin (2020-11-27). "At least 25 crore workers participated in general strike; some states saw complete shutdown: Trade unions" (in en). Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 2025-04-12. Retrieved 2025-04-18. 
  13. ↑ Mahajan, Anilesh S (2020-12-01). "What agitating farmers want, and why the Centre may not oblige" (in en). India Today. Archived from the original on 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2025-04-18. 
  14. ↑ Rai, Arpan (2021-01-08). 'Repeal farm laws today itself': Farmers message to govt ahead of talks (en). Hindustan Times. 原始文档勒10 January 2021-01-10存档.
  15. ↑ Kaur, Pawanjot (2020-12-25). A Month on, Farmers Remain Resolute Over Repeal of Farm Laws. The Wire. 原始文档勒2021-01-21存档.
  16. ↑ Sanyal, Anindita (16 December 2020). Will "Make" Government Repeal Farm Laws: Farmers Harden Stance – 10 Points (en). NDTV. 原始文档勒2020-12-31存档. 访问日脚2021-01-15.
  17. ↑ "No Alternative To Demands For MSP Guarantee, Repealing Farm Laws: Farmer Leaders". Press Trust of India. NDTV. 1 January 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-01-22. Retrieved 2021-01-15. 
  18. ↑ Farm laws stir: Talks with Centre '120% fail', say farmer leaders; next round on January 19 (en). Scroll.in (2021-01-15). 原始文档勒2021-01-15存档. 访问日脚2021-01-15.
  19. ↑ Dasgupta, Sravasti (22 January 2021). Eleventh round of talks between Modi govt and farmers fails, no date for next meeting (en). ThePrint. 访问日脚2021-02-02.
  20. ↑ "Govt agrees on power subsidy, stubble curbs; talks on MSP, repeal to continue" (in en). The Indian Express. 31 December 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-12-31. Retrieved 2020-12-31. 
  21. ↑ Damodaran, Harish; Chaba, Anju Agnihotri (2023-06-27). "How Punjab and Haryana may de-risk Indian economy" (in en). The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 2023-06-26. Retrieved 2025-04-18. 
  22. ↑ Farmer unions agree to sit for talks with the government today (en). mint (2020-12-01). 原始文档勒2020-12-01存档. 访问日脚2020-12-03.
  23. ↑ 'I come from farming family,' Tomar writes open letter to farmers; PM Modi urges to read (en). Hindustan Times (17 December 2020). 原始文档勒2020-12-17存档. 访问日脚18 December 2020-12-18.
  24. ↑ Farm protests: Supreme Court intends to set up committee for negotiations, posts matter for Thursday (en). The Times of India (16 December 2020). 原始文档勒2020-12-16存档. 访问日脚2020-12-17.
  25. ↑ Vaidyanathan, A (16 December 2020). Centre-Farmers' Committee, Suggests Supreme Court, Or "Talks Will Fail". NDTV. 原始文档勒2020-12-17存档. 访问日脚2020-12-17.
  26. ↑ Tandon, Aditi (2021-01-09). Farmers firm: Won't back off, even if told by courts (en). Tribuneindia News Service. 原始文档勒2021-01-13存档. 访问日脚2021-01-11.
  27. ↑ "Staying implementation of farm laws not a solution: Farmer leaders". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 2021-01-11. Archived from the original on 2021-01-11. Retrieved 2021-01-11. 
  28. ↑ Bera, Malay. Interrogating Social Distancing: Pandemic and Farmers' Protest in India. Cultural Analysis. 2023,. Forum Series 1 (Pandemics and Politics): 10 [2024-01-31]. 
  29. ↑ Iftikhar, Fareeha (2021-01-12). Farmers reject SC committee, demand repeal of farm laws (en). Hindustan Times. 原始文档勒2021-01-19存档. 访问日脚2021-01-15.
  30. ↑ "Government will abide by Supreme Court order on farm laws: President Kovind" (in en). The Hindu. 2021-01-29. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2021-02-09. 
  31. ↑ "SC-appointed panel was against repealing three farm laws". The Economic Times. PTI. 2022-03-21. Archived from the original on 2022-03-21. Retrieved 2022-03-26. 
  32. ↑ Rai, Arpan (2021-01-28). West Bengal passes resolution against three farm laws, sixth state to do so (en). Hindustan Times. 原始文档勒2021-01-28存档. 访问日脚2021-03-26.
  33. ↑ Toeing Punjab and Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan introduces three bills to counter Centre's farm laws (en). The Indian Express (2020-10-31). 原始文档勒2020-10-31存档. 访问日脚2021-03-26.
  34. ↑ Will move SC if President doesn't give assent to Punjab amendments: CM (en). Hindustan Times (2021-03-18). 原始文档勒2021-03-18存档. 访问日脚2021-03-26.
  35. ↑ Bhandari, Prakash (2020-12-26). Congress government in Rajasthan upset with Governor for withholding farm Bills passed by Vidhan Sabha (en). National Herald. 原始文档勒2020-12-26存档. 访问日脚2021-03-26.
  36. ↑ Chhattisgarh governor returns government's proposal to hold Assembly session to negate farm laws (en). Scroll.in (2020-10-20). 原始文档勒2020-10-22存档. 访问日脚2021-03-26.
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