匈奴编年史

来自 吴语维基百科

[编辑] 编年

年代	事体搭人物
BC 200	冒顿单于[1], founder of Xiongnu Empire. The Huns have possibly descended from Xiongnu.
2th c.	The region of South-Uralic steppe, around the River Don or the Syr Darya, first historical record by Ptolemy.
370	The Huns appeared in Europe. Under Balamber.
370s	Balamber, ruler of Huns.
370	Huns crush the Alans, after crossed the Don, subjutaged them.[2]
370s	Huns and Alans crush the Ostrogoths coalition of king Ermanaric, who commited suicide.[2][3]
380s?	Hunnic campaign against Persia reached as far as Syria.[2]
400	Uldin, one of the primary chieftains of the Huns located beyond the Danube. He did not, however have total control of the Hunnic people.
405	Uldin led a body of Huns, together with his allies the Sciri, in the service of the western Magister Militum, Stilicho, against the invasion of Radagaisus.
408	Uldin's invasion of Moesia was repulsed, with thousands of his Germanic allies falling into Roman hands. Uldin was forced to retreat.
412	Uldin died. And the Huns divided into three large groups.
410–422	Charaton king of the Huns
42?	Octar, a Hunnic ruler. His rule dates are unknown. He succeeded Charaton.
	Mundzuk, Hunnic prince, father of Attila and Bleda.
432	Ruga, a warlord of the Huns, early victories over the Roman Empire. Under his command, the Huns invaded Roman territory and, after threatening the capitol, managed to take tribute from the Roman emperor of the time.
434	Bleda and Attila the Hun rule jointly
443	Attila's campaign strikes along the Danube, the Huns overran the military centres of Ratiara and successfully besieged Naissus (modern Niš), then pushing along the Nisava River, they took Serdica (Sofia), Philippopolis (Plovdiv), and Arcadiopolis. They encountered and destroyed the Roman army outside Constantinople and stopped by the double walls of the Eastern capital. A second army was defeated near Callipolis (modern Gallipoli). Theodosius, now without any armed forces to respond, admitting defeat, sent the court official Anatolius to negotiate peace terms.
445	Bleda died, after some intrigue he was killed by his brother Attila. Attila became sole ruler.
447	Attila rode south into the empire through Moesia and defeated the Roman army in the Battle of the Utus.
451 Jun 20	Battle of the Catalaunian Plains in France, "Battle of the Barbarians" between Attila's Huns and Aetius's Romans
453	Attila died in the early months of the year from nosebleed or assasination by princess Gudrun.
453	Civil war among his sons: Ellac, Dengizich, Ernakh. Ellac wins and became king of Huns. Some Hun tribes migrated eastwards.
453	Ernakh founded the Proto-Bolgar Empire at the Volga river.
454	Battle of Nedao, the subjugated Germanic tribes rebelled against Ellac, lead by king Ardaric of Gepids. Ardrik won, and Ellak was killed.[3]
454	Dengizich became Hunnic ruler over the western tribes.
469	Dengezich was defeated and killed by Byzantine army, ending his Hunnic raids.
470s	A part of Huns offered their military services to the East Roman Empire in return for land in which they could settle. The East Roman Emperor allowed them to settle in Thrace, where they were to serve as a buffer zone against the incursion of other tribes.
480?	Mundo leader of a raiding group rules from Herta.
500s?	Tribes of Utigurs and Kutrigurs, Sabirs, Ogurs, Saragurs, Onogurs, Bulgars living in Scythia, region north of Black Sea, mentioned as Hunnic people by the sources.
520s	Gordas ruler over Huns, but they rebelled against him. The rebellion led by his brother Muageris was succesful, Gordas was killed.
528-	Muageris, king of Huns in region of Azov Sea.
567	Avars came to Europe, after battles with Sabirs and others, they conquered a number of Hunnic remnant tribes.
632	Kubrat Khan of Utigurs defeated the Avars and reunited the Utigurs and Kutrigurs into an empire called Onoguria (Old Great Bulgaria). He was successed by his eldest son Batbayan.
650s	Kotrag. A dissenting faction of Kutrigurs have traveled to the upper Volga where, along with part of the Utigurs, they founded the state of Volga Bulgaria with Kotrag as its ruler.
665	Batbayan, ruled from Poltava the lands north of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea.
668	Batbayan engaged in wars with his relative Cozrig and was temporarily driven into Crimea. Cozrig's Khazars attacked and eventually took the steppes between Don and the Urals, the war ended with a treaty between Batbayan and the Khazar Khagan Kaban.
668	Batbajan's Onogur state disintegrated under Khazar attack in 668, and his brothers parted ways, leading their people to seek a more secure home in other lands.
668	Asparuch went with one branch (20,000 to 30,000 Bulgars) to the lower Danube, to the territory of present day Bulgaria and conquered the Slavs living there and his people later assimilated.
668	Kuber. Under the leadership of him, an other part of the Kutrigur tribe moved to Sirmium (Pannonia) into the Avar Khaganate.
668	The fifth and smallest group, of Alcek, after many wanderings, ended up led by Emnetzur and settled mainly in Italy, near Naples in the Benevento and Salerno.
700s	Civil war in the Avar Khaganate between the old Avars and the newcomer Bulgars. Avars won.
800	Charlemagne and his son leaded an army to against Huns (Avars), defeated them, so the Avar Khaganate ended.
892	Later some of the Onogur nomad tribes were united with blood covenant under the tribe of Magyar and with the lead of Arpad, described as a descendant of Attila, conquered the Carpathian Basin, "domains of King Attila", around the former Hunnic capital Buda, in the center territory of the old Avar Khaganate, united with the remained Avars and had became known as Hungarians. They were considered and described as Huns by the contemporary and later historical sources. ("Ungars, formerly Avars, the remnants of Huns"). They had established their country Hungary, what still presents in our days.

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Sources
Major: Priscus, Jordanes, Ammianus Marcellinus, Procopius

Minor: Ptolemy, Socrates of Constantinople

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